Monthly values for phosphorus % p on dm basis in three anaerobic 1, 2, 3 and three activated a, b, c sewage sludges during 1980 month plant april may june july aug. Basics oil refining gerrit van duijn gerritvanduijn consultancy mvo course, june 2016 1. The principle role microorganisms have in the activated sludge process is to convert dissolved and particulate organic matter, measured as biochemical oxygen demand bod. Academic writing and grammar, published 2011 under isbn 9781111221195 and isbn 1111221197. Pdf characterization of petroleum sludge from refinery. Petroleum crude oil composition by weight element percent range carbon 83 to 87% hydrogen 10 to 14% nitrogen 0. Handbook of petroleum processing is an indispensable desk reference for chemist and engineers and also an essential part of the libraries of universities with a chemical engineering faculty and oil refineries and engineering firms performing support functions or construction. Petroleum fractions by gas chromatography, in annual book of astm. Petroleum refining waterwastewater management save texas water. At present, the refineries, the acute problem of recycling and disposal of sludge ps as well as.
Pdf stabilization of acidic refinery sludges researchgate. Composition and properties of petroleum sludge produced at the refineries 259 table 3 carbon group composition of the sludge organic matter index values index ps1 ps2 ps3 ps4 ps5 content of paraffinnaphthene hydrocarbons 18. This section describes industrial wastewater treatment, including the anaerobic treatment operations covered under the reporting rule, and explains how the reporting rule applies to this source category. Introduction large amounts of waste generated during the exploration, production, refining and distribution of petroleum 1. Environmental protection agency office of solid waste hazardous waste identification division 401 m street, sw washington, dc 20460. Characterization of petroleum sludge from refinery. A number of reference books has been used in the compilation of the subject material and they are listed in the reference section. There are many sources of these sludge including storage tank bottoms, oilwater separators, dissolved air. Gold refining book for example, if the fire assay reported 0. Complex technology of oil sludge processing springerlink. Current practice for treatment of petroleum refinery wastewater and toxics removal. We attach importance to the analysis of sludge samples before treatment to identify their components and conduct the most effective treatment such as dehydrating and drying and kneading. Sludge bunch separation palm oil milling receiving station sterilizer press gd.
Refining operations petroleum refining processes and operations can be separated into five basic areas. In addition, sludge sample and analysis is needed to. The main difference between oily waste and sludge waste is related to the amount of. Protection agency regulations for petroleum wastewater treatment prior to disposal 6. Technical support document for industrial wastewater. After deoiling, the cso sludge was reported to contain 20% oil and 80% solids. Refinery sludge treatmenthazardous waste minimization via. Technical data bookpetroleum refining, 5th edition. Smalley is the author of refining composition skills 3. Ruetten, joann rishel kozyrev and a great selection of related books, art and collectibles available now at. The sludge composition was described as fine and granular. Potw sludge sampling and analysis guidance document. Treatment and recycling of sludgetreatment and recycling.
This book is an overview of the processes and operations concerned with refining of crude oil into products. In this process, crude oil is heated and fed into a distillation column. Sewage sludge, at the outlet after mechanical drying, is made of approximately 80% moisture and 20% dry matter. Electrorefining of copper universidade federal do rio. Sludge composition, separation, treatment, and disposal methods need to be addressed. The points are also frequently reported at 0%, 5%, and 95% distilled. Proximate and ultimate analysis as well as determination of elemental composition were carried out. The study material has been compiled by experts in the field with many years of experience in the field of drinking water treatment. Stoddard solvent is a petroleum distillate widely used as a dry cleaning solvent and as a general cleaner and degreaser. Sewage sludge composition a multifunctional information c. As much waste as possible is recycled into raw materials for cement or supplemental fuel, thereby contributing to customers zero emissions objectives. In addition, sewage sludge contains many organic and inorganic noxious compounds for which a. Wastewater treatment in oil refineries water online.
Activated sludge is commonly used as a wastewater treatment process because it is an effective and versatile treatment process and capable of a high degree of treatment. Chemistry, refining, fuels and petrochemicals petroleum products 161 james g. Current practice for treatment of petroleum refinery wastewater. The series is comprised by the following books, namely. The main characteristic of the activated sludge is the occurrence of microorganisms, which take up solved food over their body surface or a cell mouth thereby contributing to wastewater cleaning. Unleaded storage tank sludge sample description r6bus01 033094 na wet, brown, muddy sludge. As the temperature of the crude oil in the distillation column rises, the crude oil separates. The residue from separate operations is characterized, indicating the composition of various waste streams. A schematic of the distillation column is shown in figure 2. Study of selected petroleum refining residuals industry study part 1 august 1996 u. Currently used biological methods are activated sludge systems 34,35, aerated lagoons. The amount and composition of the refinery wastewater vary. There is interest in the development of alternative routes to treat and dispose of sewage sludge driven by socioeconomic and environmental concerns. The flow rate of the electrolyte through the cells is low so that the slime drops to the base of the cell and does not come into contact with the cathode.
The amount of crude oil required to produce a certain volume of lubricating oil is nearly 9 times higher to produce the same volume of lubricating oil from used oil 8. Og process treatment of refinery kwastes tables 2a and 2b present analytical results using feeds and. Speight,2476 overland road, laramie, wy 820704808, usa 1. The refining operations presented here are those concerned with blending products in an optimum. It may also be used as a paint thinner, as a solvent in some types. Diagram showing the structure of the cells in which the electrolytic refining of copper is carried out. Sludge is formed as a result of waste water treatment, during repair. The streams coming from processing units are not finished products. Crude oil refining processes iranian oil,gas and petrochemical. The technology of processing sludge includes electromagnetic activation of raw. Refining composition skills combines extensive practice. It is stored in special storage ponds of the open type. Chemistry, refining, fuels and petrochemicals petroleum products james g.
The oil production and petroleum refining industries generate considerable amounts. Accurate character ization of sludge composition spots operational problems at the treatment works and may also signal adverse environmental impacts. In the chemical refining process, the use of alkali leads to modification of phytosterols composition and. The management of this product has become a serious problem in europe over the last years because. This paper explores the composition of sludge resulting from the pulp and papermaking process and compares secondaryfiber and virginfiber operations. Introduction, products, refinerys configurations, hydrogen technologies faculty of chemical engineering and technology university of zagreb ante jukic zavod za tehnologiju nafte i petrokemiju hr0 zagreb, savska cesta 16, p.
Sludge, which constitutes 1% of wastewater entering the plant, is digested anaerobically and dehydrated. Speight encyclopedia of life support systems eolss refinery gas c1 c4 161 1 259 31 liquefied petroleum gas c3 c4 42 1 44 31 naphtha c5 c17 36 302 97 575 gasoline c4 c12 1 216 31 421. The biocoenosis of the activated sludge gives information over the condition of the activated sludge and the. The exact molecular composition varies widely from formation to formation but the proportion of chemical elements vary over fairly narrow limits as follows. Technical data book petroleum refining, 5th edition, american petroleum institute. Chemistry, refining, fuels and petrochemicals petroleum. Assesment of sludge and tank bottoms treatment processes. Pdf petroleum refineries historically have generated large quantities of acidic oil.
Meyers book is useless to anyone new to oil refining but may be useful in the library of an old hand. Sewage sludge is the byproduct from the treatment of waste water and has the potential to be used for generating heat and power. Using astm, d86 boiling points are measured at 10, 30, 50, 70, and 90 vol% distilled. At present, the refineries, the acute problem of recycling and disposal of. It is available with an instructors manual and cnn video. The book may also be useful for developmental literacy courses for students whose first language is english. Smalley is the author of refining composition skills. The technology of processing sludge includes electromagnetic activation of. The astm d86 and d1160 standards describe a simple distillation method for measuring the boiling point distribution of crude oil and petroleum products. Another factor that might impact sludge composition is sludge maturity and the content of humic substances tao et al. Fractionation distillation is the separation of crude oil in atmospheric and vacuum distillation towers into groups of hydrocarbon compounds of differing boilingpoint ranges called fractions or cuts. This list of contents represents only the tip of the iceberg of toxics concentrated in sewage sludge. Crelier, mmm, dweck, j 2009 water content of a brazilian refinery oil sludge its influence on. Chemical composition of slop oil and sludges from an oil refinery.